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The Process of Estalbishing a Shared Service Center with the Example of Euroflorist
The paper presents the process of creating and initial management of the Euroflorist Shared Services Center in Poznań. As the result of the strategic approach to managing the migration processes, the company has succeeded in achieving its goals in the scheduled time. This paper describes the stages of preparation to the migration, the transfer processes and the actions that have been undertaken by the managers to gain the knowledge necessary to execute the processes at the Shared Services Center in Poznań. Due to the systematic approach to the data migration and the management of establishing the Shared Service Center, the process is considered as being successful.
Copyright (c) 2018 Wydawnictwo UEP https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Employee Empowerment in Enterprises Operating in the Business Services Industry
The paper offers a discussion on the role of employee empowerment in relationship oriented companies. The theoretical part of the paper highlights the challenges in employee relationship management and brings a definition of the term empowerment and its impact on the company. An empirical exemplification of this phenomenon is based on the synthesis of nine shared services centers (SSC) and business process outsourcing (BPO) entities. The SSC/BPO industry was deliberately chosen as an already significant employer, which is still growing in importance in Poland and in Central and Eastern Europe. The main conclusion based on theoretical research presented in this paper is that employee empowerment is a major tool in the relationship management of a company. In turn, the empirical material proved that empowerment is being applied in the SSC/BPO industry. Still, a particular difficulty has been identified in its implementation in organizational structures other than the project teams, e.g. in traditional functional departments. This may result in higher employee attrition rates and lower work engagement.
The Importance of Knowledge Management and Innovation for the Functioning of Shared Service Centers
The aim of the paper is the initial recognition and analysis of the nature of knowledge and innovation activities in Polish shared service centers (SSC), and to analyze their influence on the functioning of such entities and turnover of employees working in these units, which are mainly people with higher education. Moreover, the author was trying to check whether the intensification of actions in the examined areas could increase the efficiency of this type of entities. The paper is based on qualitative research conducted in three SSCs using a standardized questionnaire via an interview. The results showed that these units are very different in the analyzed aspects. In the first SSC, lack of knowledge and innovation activities was observed. In addition, despite clear requests from employees, the organization's headquarters opposed changes. The result was a high turnover of employees. In the second SSC, a strong focus on the flow of information and knowledge was noted, as well as attaching great importance to innovations, especially those proposed by employees. The turnover of employees in this entity was much lower. In the case of the third SSC, the activities in the field of knowledge and innovation were not intensive, but the earnings of employees were above average. The area of the activities was also important - introducing innovations and new standards to the organization. This did not eliminate problems in the functioning of an SSC or the frustration of employees, although it definitely reduced the turnover of employees.
The Organizational Culture of Foreign Business Service Centers in Poland
The choice of location by foreign business service centers depends on economic, political, geographical and cultural factors. Poland has become one of the most important locations in the world for modern business services centers in the last decade. An organizational culture is an important factor shaping the effectiveness of these multicultural service centers. The impact on the organizational culture in foreign business centers have both the culture of the country from which the international enterprise originates and the culture of the country in which the business operates. The purpose of the paper is to compare the national organizational cultures of countries which foreign business centers come from and the national culture of the employees of the country where the activity is conducted.
The Factors Influencing Trade in Services - an Outlook for the Business Services Industry in Poland
In recent years, both in the world and in Poland, the export of enterprises providing services related to business services is dynamically growing. Empirical studies of factors, which determinate the volume of service exports, are under- developed due to the incompleteness of bilateral trade statistics. New data sources fill the gap in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the export of services. The assessment is made with the gravity model. Due to the availability of data, the empirical study covers the years 2000-2010. Information on bilateral trade flows comes from the Trade in Services Database (TSD). In this analysis we focus on the exports of services from one country, i.e. the US to the EU-27 and the rest of the 36 countries in the world for which data is available. In addition to variables commonly used in such models, this one also includes variables related to intellectual property protection. Identifying the determinants of trade in services is an introduction to the recommendation for Poland on which of the factors affecting exports the attention should be focused on and their development should be shaped to ensure long-term and stable growth of the business services sector in Poland based on exports.
The Business Services Industry in the Context Of Professional Services - the Relationship Approach
The Polish business services (SSC/BPO) market is developing dynamically and is the main frontier of growth in the services sector. It seems that the theoretical grounds of outsourcing business services and professional service firms are contradictory, however, in this paper the common ground between two concepts will be found. It is possible due to evolution in the functioning of business services in Poland. The paper is conceptual and the arguments based upon broadly accepted facts are presented and systematized.
The Restrictiveness of Business Services in the Visegrad Group
The paper addresses the problem of regulations and provisions which restrict trade and investments in the business services sector within the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4). This is a significant issue on account of the growing role of business services as a key component of modern economies, as well as due to the fact that the position of V4 countries continues to strengthen on the global map of critical locations for this type of services. The research was carried out with the use of a descriptive method, on the basis of a data analysis of current regulations and provisions impacting international trade in services and restrictiveness indicators, originating from the new OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index database. The elaboration constitutes a contribution to further research on the relationship between the restrictiveness of service policy and international flows of services and goods.
Application of Multiple Criteria Methods to Investment Project Selection - a Case Study
The article is devoted to the project selection problem. A case study is presented, illustrating the procedure, which was applied to select an expensive production equipment - laser punching. The selection process consisted of two stages: (1) functional and technical parameterization, (2) the selection of a particular machine (puncher). The goal of the paper is to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure applied in practice and to present in what way multiple criteria approach can be used for solving the problem. Taking into account the real decision process, the requirements for decision aiding procedure are formulated. An proposal of such method is also presented. The method takes into account that the decision is made collectively (group decision making).
The Concepts and Methods of Shaping Traditional and Virtual Relationships of Bank Employees with Clients
In practice, banks use different concepts and methods that support the formation of valuable and long-term relationships between a bank employee and clients. The study presents selected concepts and methods aimed at improving and developing both traditional and virtual customer relationships. With regard to the concept of relations, the determinants of shaping inter-organizational relations are been shown, with particular emphasis on the role of relational abilities and competences as well as relational capital.
Polish Adaptation and Normalization of Organizational Climate Questionnaire by Rosenstiel and Boegel
The paper presents a Polish validated and normalized version of a German organizational climate questionnaire, by L. Rosenstiel and R. Boegel (1992). The tool was adapted to Polish culture twice (I adaptation: Augustynowicz, 1997; N = 233; II adaptation: Durniat, 2005/6; N = 367) and normalized on a sample of Polish employees (Durniat, 2015, N = 976). The aim of the paper is to present the theoretical basis of the questionnaire, its structure, content and psychometric properties along with the rules of the tools' implementation and conversion of the raw tests' results into a normalized scale. The Polish shortened version of the instrument includes 55 items constituting 7 scales (α Cronbach ranging from 0.81 to 0.90). The tool allows to measure, in a quick and reliable manner, organizational climate and its factors, such as: style of management, organization of work, communication, cooperation, motivation and career development and social support. The questionnaire may be used by scientists and practitioners in social, organizational, psychological and managerial research focused on an organizational climate itself or its relation with other phenomena, such as: job satisfaction, work engagement, work efficacy, absenteeism, workplace stress, burnout, mobbing, etc. The paper includes a questionnaire with key, norms and rules of the test results' interpretation.
The Conceptual Framework and Psychometric Traits of a Survey for Testing the Functional Aspect of Negotiation Metacompetences (TMOK)
The paper presents the author's questionnaire to measure the functional aspect of negotiation metacompetences based on theoretical assumptions and the results of empirical research. The items for TMOK was selected on the results obtained from a sample of 331 people (N = 217 (66%) women and N = 114 (34%) men, aged from 22 to 61 (56 for women) and mean age 31.7 (SD = 7.70) the majority of the people worked (N = 313, 94.6%) on average 9.4 years (SD = 7.35). The utility of a proposed tool for manipulation research was based on the analysis of 82 subjects (N = 47 (59.5%) women and N = 32 (40.5%) men) with a mean age of 37.4 (SD = 8.72) and average 14.6 (SD = 7.82) years of work experience), which were also examined by MACH IV and Faith in Zero- Sum Game. Low or insignificant correlations with Machiavellism and the convictions of resource constraints and satisfactory reliability parameters, as well as the results of the confirmatory analysis of the negotiation skills with TMOK justify the use of this new tool. The 16 items final version of the questionnaire TMOK for testing two dimensions: manipulation techniques (TM) and open communication (OK) is attached to the elaboration.
Content Analysis in the Research of Social Phenomena in the Organisation. Application of IRAMUTEQ Software
In this paper, the authors present essential problems related to content analyses, i.e. of texts obtained through qualitative research in the field of management. The main aim of the paper is to discuss opportunities given by IRAMUTEQ software for the content analyses. The software is free but still rather unknown in the Polish research community. The capabilities of the software are presented by the example of research aimed at defining the nature of positive and negative relationships in the organisation. The content being the basis for the discussion has been derived from the transcripts of individual semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 24 employees representing 3 companies located in and near the Polish city of Toruń. The paper presents also limitations of IRAMUTEQ usage in analysing texts created in Polish.
A Polish Adaptation of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)
This paper concerns the psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of a self-report questionnaire to measure burnout - The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. The aim of this study (N=945) is to validate the Polish version of the OLBI, and more specifically, to examine the factor structure, to evaluate its reliability (internal consistency), and its construct validity. In evaluating factorial validity I carried out an explanatory analysis, which revealed a 2-factor structure, although the construction of these factors differed from that in the original version. The other obtained results show, that despite this limitation, the Polish version of OLBI has good enough psychometric properties - the measure is reliable and its components correlates positively with perceived stress at work and negatively with job satisfaction. These finding suggest, that OLBI is an adequate measure of job burnout and it is recommended to use it in Poland.
European Questionnaire for Job Analysis (EQJA)
The paper presents a tool for Job analysis called: European Questionnaire for Job Analysis (EQJA). It is one of the general methods for job analysis which should be used by experts. This tool is recommended to achieve many aims connected with job analysis: ergonomics, accident prevention, job designing, recruitment and selection, employees' development etc.
Assessment of Change and the Reasons of Development of the Level of Financial Self-Sufficiency of Towns with County Rights in Poland
The aim of the article was to analyse the level of financial self-sufficiency of towns with county rights in Poland in the years 2007-2014. In the first step of the research the level and the share of own income in the total income of towns with county rights on the background of other entities of the local government sector in Poland were presented. Then, in the second step of the research Ward's method was used to identify the classes of the typological level of self-sufficiency of towns with county rights.
Prospects for EU Finance after the British Withwdrawal from the European Union
As a result of the referendum held on 23 June 2016 in the UK, a majority of citizens voted in favour of the withdrawal of their country from the EU structures. It should be emphasized that this is not synonymous with the immediate resignation of membership by Great Britain until the start of the procedure with the European Union institutions. However, this event should become a pretext for a clearer than ever question about the future of the European Union. Because of a multithreading topic, the aim of this article will be an attempt to outline the scenario for new financial perspectives, as it may change the EU budget. Calculations of EU revenue relating to the twenty-seven states will be presented, together with the change in the contributions of the British and correction mechanism to the UK.
Financial Reporting Quality and Ownership Structure in Companies Listed on The Warsaw Stock Exchange
The article investigates whether there is a relationship between financial reporting quality and ownership structure in companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Panel regression including 88 companies with their financial data from 2006-2012 was conducted to examine the relationship. The results indicate that the size of a company has a considerable impact on the relationship between financial reporting quality and ownership structure. This relationship is negative - as the size of a company increases, manager influence on financial statements tends to decrease.
International Financial Reporting Standard
Czynniki kształtujące dochody gospodarstw rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
The aim of the research was to identify determinants of the income of farms in the EU-15 as well as in Central and Eastern European countries and to assess how these determinants varied over time. The research was based on data from the FADN and it spanned the period from 2005 to 2013. Multiple regression was used to investigate the influence of selected variables on the income of farms. The analysis showed that apart from a wide range of similarities between farms in the EU-15 as well as in Central and Eastern European countries, there are also some differences between the determinants of their income. They usually refer to variables representing the production potential.
Economic Indicators in Integrated Reports of Selected Capital Groups - Findings of the Research
The aim of the study is to assess the quality of the leading integrated reports published by capital groups in Poland. The main point focused on a set of economic indicators which are extracted according to the GRI guidelines. Also, in the follow up of a specific selection (detailed analyses of the content of integrated reports allow to choose some general conclusions) for the mainstream studies several integrated reports of entities aspiring as socially responsible were chosen. The results of studies using induction methods are not optimistic. The reports being prepared on the basis of the GRI guidelines do not ensure the comparability of information. Also looking at the specific details of integrated reports the quality of them is not satisfactory. If an integrated report is to be fundamental to communicate with stakeholders, the reporting standards should be mandatory and strictly defined, giving the ability to standardize information in order to improve readability and comparability of the data. Also the verification of an integrated report should be full (not only to a limited extent), so that it is possible to assess the reliability and clarity of the situation of the capital group, both in terms of financial but also the context of rights and obligations applicable to the group.
The Assessment of the Liquidity of Agricultural Farms in Poland on the Background of the European Union in the Years 2009-2015
The aim of the study was an analysis of the liquidity of agricultural farms in Poland on the background of the European Union. The FADN statistical data was mainly used. That enabled the analysis of the phenomenon by the countries of the European Union in the years 2009-2013 and in layouts by economic size and type of farming. A study was also performed for the Polish regions of FADN.
Zarządzanie zyskami i underpricing dla spółek debiutujących na rynku wschodzącym
The empirical design of this study concentrates on earnings management activities around initial public offerings of equity (IPOs). Previous studies for developed markets mostly concluded that many companies managed earnings around important company events. Such practices were especially aggressive around important corporate events, and the IPO is reputedly one of them. This study aims at the measurement of the pervasiveness of earnings management and describing its consequences for company short-term market pricing on an emerging market, mainly for Poland. Earning management was measured with discretionary accruals proxied with the application of cross sectional models. The empirical research provided evidence that earnings management practices were also reported for Polish IPO companies around IPO. However, strong differences in aggressive earnings management among IPO firms were revealed during the subperiods of stable or bull versus bear market. Earnings management approximated by discretionary accruals had informative power in explaining first-day IPO returns.
Evaluation of the Benelux Innovativeness in the Years 2003-2011
Due to the importance of innovation in boosting the socio-economic development of individual countries, this article presents an assessment of the innovation level in the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), which are considered to be some of the most innovative and best developed countries in the world. The level of innovation is affected by various factors, which influence the innovation of individual economies and thus far has not yet been thoroughly investigated. For this reason, using a quantitative - TOPSIS method - it was taken up to try to rank the Benelux countries' economies in terms of the level of innovation, in the light of chosen determinants of innovative capacity. The analysis showed that the highest level of innovativeness characterizes the economy of Luxembourg, followed by the economy of the Netherlands and Belgium. It was also found that the indicators of innovativeness for Luxembourg and the Netherlands generally decrease, while in the case of Belgium is shown to be slow but stable with a growing trend.
Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
Supporting the Innovation of Regions in the European Union through the Development of Smart Specializations Based on the Example of the Silesia Province
Today, the primary factor shaping the development of regions and their competitiveness in a globalizing economy is the ability to create and diffuse innovation. The aim of a cohesion policy is to promote research and development as well as innovations in the regions, to ensure complementarity of support for innovation at various levels, and to fully exploit the potential of the regions. To this end, the strategies of smart specialization should be developed. The aim of the article is to indicate the importance of smart specialization strategies (policies) in the creation of the innovation capacity of different regions, with a particular focus on the Silesia province. The strategies of regional specializations in Poland should play an important role in transforming the economic structures of regions and creating their innovation potential in terms of global economy challenges, while fostering their competitiveness. Depending on the category of the regions, different approaches to smart specialization and a variety of applications can be identified. It also becomes necessary to take into account the experiences of other regions that represent similar structural characteristics.
Konkurencyjność polskiego surowco-oraz pracochłonnego eksportu w warunkach członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej
The paper focuses on the evolution and evaluation of the technological intensity of Polish exports. A particular emphasis is placed on the resource- and labour-intensive (R+L) product clusters. The analysis is supplemented with a case study covering Polish-German trade in the clothing industry. The issues discussed in the paper relate to the broader context of a discussion about the economic security of Poland, in particular, the threat of sustaining a developmental gap in the form of the middle-income trap. The results of the research revealed that the competitive advantages of most R+L categories in Polish exports, including the most important ones, have deteriorated. It is thus a contribution to the debate on measures aimed at strengthening the economic development of Poland and addressing structural burdens.
Market Economy Status in European Union Antidumping Policy against China
Anti-dumping procedures allow competing with price competition from China and are an effective tool of trade protectionism. Under Section 15 of the Chinese WTO Accession Protocol, China could be treated as a non-market economy (NME) in anti-dumping proceedings to the end of 2016. Finally, the European Commission has to propose a new method for calculating dumping margins for imports from countries with market distortions and a government's dominant influence on the economy. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the antidumping procedure of the European Union and examine the Market Economy status for China.
The European Union as a Participant of International Capital Flows, with the Example of Foreign Direct Investments - Attempt of Evaluation
Foreign direct investment (FDI) are one of the major forms of cooperation among the participants of the modern world economy. The European Union has traditionally played a very important role both as an exporter and importer of capital in the form of FDI and was a major player in the process of capital flows in the global economy. However, since the beginning of the twenty-first century there has been a decrease in the role of the EU compared to the global flows of capital movements in the form of FDI. It was caused by the internal situation of the EU, related to, among others, further enlargements of the EU and the threat of Brexit, as well as by the impact of external factors such as the global economic crisis of 2007+. Despite the emergence of new parties actively participating in the international flow of FDI, as well as the materialization of Brexit, the EU as a whole will remain one of the leaders of those flows. Many of the member countries will also remain an attractive area for capital investment for foreign investors, with those from other EU countries as well as from outside of it. At the same time the capital from EU countries will be a source of financing for new technologies and will support a variety of industries both in other EU countries, including in particular the so-called. new member states as well as beyond.
The Institutional Architecture of the Eurozone and the Dynamics of EU Transformations
The article attempts to show the functioning and the challenges to the stability of the Eurozone in the light of a hypothesis linking monetary systems with the political system of a unitary state. The theoretical reasons and historical circumstances behind the introduction of the euro are discussed the economic results of its first 10 years of the existence and differentiated consequences of the global financial crisis to the countries of the Eurozone are shown. Next, proposals for the reforms of the institutional architecture of the Eurozone which are supposed to improve its stability and efficiency are examined. In conclusion, the paradoxical properties of the political instrumentality of having a single currency as a means to increase solidarity and prosperity of European nations are pointed out.
Economic integration with the EU countries
Objectives and Policies of the European Union in the Opinion of its Citizens - a Multivariate Approach
The article presents the results of the analyses of the opinions of citizens of EU countries on the key activities and priorities of the community. A comparison of views on the Europe 2020 objectives and policies of the European Union was performed on the basis of the results of surveys carried out in the framework of the Euro barometer. The dispersion and the changes were evaluated by selected statistical measures and data visualization techniques. Due to the multivariate nature of the data, the principal component analysis was used to study the structures of the datasets under consideration. The analyses indicate the existence of significant differences in the perception of the objectives and policies of the EU by citizens of the countries belonging to the European Community.
Modelowanie zależności między danymi w wykonywalnych procesach biznesowych
Th e correctness, effectiveness, and efficiency of the business processes supported by information systems are becoming vital to organizations. Poor data quality may be the cause of losses related to organizational processes. There are numerous methods to assess and improve the quality of data within information systems. However, these methods oft en do not address the original source of these problems. Th is article presents a conceptual solution for dealing with the data quality issue within information systems. It focuses on an analysis of business processes being a source of requirements for information systems design and development. This analysis benefits information quality requirements, in order to improve data quality within systems emerging from these requirements.
Copyright (c) 2017 Wydawnictwo UEP https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Features of Wikipedia Articles and their Extraction Methods for Automatic Information Quality Assessment
Th is article presents and classifi es features that can be extracted from Wikipedia articles for the purpose of automatic information quality assessment. Based on a state of the art analysis and our own experiments, specific measures for various aspects of quality have been defined. Additionally, an extraction method for various sources of features has been proposed. The links between articles in various languages off er opportunities for the comparison and verifi cation of the quality of information delivered by wikipedians. The elaborated model can be used for the relative quality assessment of data contained in the structural parts of Wikipedia articles, namely info boxes.