sesetoto sesetoto sesetoto sesetoto jaditoto sontogel sontogel jaditoto sesetoto sesetoto ltdtoto https://www.slot88resmitoto.com/ akuntoto akuntoto akuntoto akuntoto akuntoto akuntoto akuntoto akuntoto jaditoto ltdtoto
slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor sesetoto ketuatoto rajajudi88 slot777 ketuatoto ketuatoto ketuatoto ketuatoto sontogel slot gacor mahjong bobatoto slot gacor slot gacor emon77 bobatoto bobatoto bobatoto bobatoto emon77 akuntoto toto slot bobatoto toto toto mahjong mahjong ltdtoto ltdtoto mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong mahjong slot gacor
kientoto kientoto kientoto bobatoto toto slot togel online TOTO JP kientoto slot slot SLOT THAILAND slot88 SLOT777 SLOT777 slot AKUNBOS slot88 kientoto kientoto kientoto kientoto kientoto kientoto kadin jakarta barat slot gacor logototo logototo logototo logototo logototo logototo logototo logototo logototo
logo

Volume 6, No. 1

Published 31 January 2018

Articles

  1. Alicja Grześkowiak

    Objectives and Policies of the European Union in the Opinion of its Citizens - a Multivariate Approach

    The article presents the results of the analyses of the opinions of citizens of EU countries on the key activities and priorities of the community. A comparison of views on the Europe 2020 objectives and policies of the European Union was performed on the basis of the results of surveys carried out in the framework of the Euro barometer. The dispersion and the changes were evaluated by selected statistical measures and data visualization techniques. Due to the multivariate nature of the data, the principal component analysis was used to study the structures of the datasets under consideration. The analyses indicate the existence of significant differences in the perception of the objectives and policies of the EU by citizens of the countries belonging to the European Community.

  2. Aleksander Surdej

    The Institutional Architecture of the Eurozone and the Dynamics of EU Transformations

    The article attempts to show the functioning and the challenges to the stability of the Eurozone in the light of a hypothesis linking monetary systems with the political system of a unitary state. The theoretical reasons and historical circumstances behind the introduction of the euro are discussed the economic results of its first 10 years of the existence and differentiated consequences of the global financial crisis to the countries of the Eurozone are shown. Next, proposals for the reforms of the institutional architecture of the Eurozone which are supposed to improve its stability and efficiency are examined. In conclusion, the paradoxical properties of the political instrumentality of having a single currency as a means to increase solidarity and prosperity of European nations are pointed out.

  3. Katarzyna Czech

    The European Union as a Participant of International Capital Flows, with the Example of Foreign Direct Investments - Attempt of Evaluation

    Foreign direct investment (FDI) are one of the major forms of cooperation among the participants of the modern world economy. The European Union has traditionally played a very important role both as an exporter and importer of capital in the form of FDI and was a major player in the process of capital flows in the global economy. However, since the beginning of the twenty-first century there has been a decrease in the role of the EU compared to the global flows of capital movements in the form of FDI. It was caused by the internal situation of the EU, related to, among others, further enlargements of the EU and the threat of Brexit, as well as by the impact of external factors such as the global economic crisis of 2007+. Despite the emergence of new parties actively participating in the international flow of FDI, as well as the materialization of Brexit, the EU as a whole will remain one of the leaders of those flows. Many of the member countries will also remain an attractive area for capital investment for foreign investors, with those from other EU countries as well as from outside of it. At the same time the capital from EU countries will be a source of financing for new technologies and will support a variety of industries both in other EU countries, including in particular the so-called. new member states as well as beyond.

  4. Joanna Skrzypczyńska

    Market Economy Status in European Union Antidumping Policy against China

    Anti-dumping procedures allow competing with price competition from China and are an effective tool of trade protectionism. Under Section 15 of the Chinese WTO Accession Protocol, China could be treated as a non-market economy (NME) in anti-dumping proceedings to the end of 2016. Finally, the European Commission has to propose a new method for calculating dumping margins for imports from countries with market distortions and a government's dominant influence on the economy. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the antidumping procedure of the European Union and examine the Market Economy status for China.

  5. Bartosz Michalski

    Konkurencyjność polskiego surowco-oraz pracochłonnego eksportu w warunkach członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej

    The paper focuses on the evolution and evaluation of the technological intensity of Polish exports. A particular emphasis is placed on the resource- and labour-intensive (R+L) product clusters. The analysis is supplemented with a case study covering Polish-German trade in the clothing industry. The issues discussed in the paper relate to the broader context of a discussion about the economic security of Poland, in particular, the threat of sustaining a developmental gap in the form of the middle-income trap. The results of the research revealed that the competitive advantages of most R+L categories in Polish exports, including the most important ones, have deteriorated. It is thus a contribution to the debate on measures aimed at strengthening the economic development of Poland and addressing structural burdens.

  6. Andrzej Kobryń, Joanna Prystrom

    Evaluation of the Benelux Innovativeness in the Years 2003-2011

    Due to the importance of innovation in boosting the socio-economic development of individual countries, this article presents an assessment of the innovation level in the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), which are considered to be some of the most innovative and best developed countries in the world. The level of innovation is affected by various factors, which influence the innovation of individual economies and thus far has not yet been thoroughly investigated. For this reason, using a quantitative - TOPSIS method - it was taken up to try to rank the Benelux countries' economies in terms of the level of innovation, in the light of chosen determinants of innovative capacity. The analysis showed that the highest level of innovativeness characterizes the economy of Luxembourg, followed by the economy of the Netherlands and Belgium. It was also found that the indicators of innovativeness for Luxembourg and the Netherlands generally decrease, while in the case of Belgium is shown to be slow but stable with a growing trend.

  7. Małgorzata Dziembała

    Supporting the Innovation of Regions in the European Union through the Development of Smart Specializations Based on the Example of the Silesia Province

    Today, the primary factor shaping the development of regions and their competitiveness in a globalizing economy is the ability to create and diffuse innovation. The aim of a cohesion policy is to promote research and development as well as innovations in the regions, to ensure complementarity of support for innovation at various levels, and to fully exploit the potential of the regions. To this end, the strategies of smart specialization should be developed. The aim of the article is to indicate the importance of smart specialization strategies (policies) in the creation of the innovation capacity of different regions, with a particular focus on the Silesia province. The strategies of regional specializations in Poland should play an important role in transforming the economic structures of regions and creating their innovation potential in terms of global economy challenges, while fostering their competitiveness. Depending on the category of the regions, different approaches to smart specialization and a variety of applications can be identified. It also becomes necessary to take into account the experiences of other regions that represent similar structural characteristics.